工程滑坡防治关键问题初论     

吴树仁  王涛  石菊松  石玲  辛鹏 《中国区域地质》2013,(12):1871-1880

在概述工程滑坡灾害防治研究主要进展的基础上,从工程边坡扰动过程与机理、潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估和监测预警3个方面,集成探索工程滑坡灾害有效预防的主要途径,强调潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估是有效预防工程滑坡灾害的关键;从快速钻探勘察技术、快速评估和快速锚固技术,特别是深层滑坡自适应锚固技术研究方面,概述工程滑坡快速防治技术研究新进展;从主动减灾防灾理念和意识、工程滑坡风险评估与控制、综合减灾3个方面,集成研究主动减轻工程滑坡灾害的有效途径,强调构建“防、治、管”为一体的国家级综合减灾信息共享平台,是综合减灾防灾的关键。  相似文献   

High congruence of isotope sewage signals in multiple marine taxa     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,72(1-2):152-158

Assessments of sewage pollution routinely employ stable nitrogen isotope analysis (δ¹⁵N) in biota, but multiple taxa are rarely used. This single species focus leads to underreporting of whether derived spatial N patterns are consistent. Here we test the question of ‘reproducibility’, incorporating ‘taxonomic replication’ in the measurement of δ¹⁵N gradients in algae, seagrasses, crabs and fish with distance from a sewage outfall on the Adelaide coast (southern Australia). Isotopic sewage signals were equally strong in all taxa and declined at the same rate. This congruence amongst taxa has not been reported previously. It implies that sewage-N propagates to fish via a tight spatial coupling between production and consumption processes, resulting from limited animal movement that closely preserves the spatial pollution imprint. In situations such as this where consumers mirror pollution signals of primary producers, analyses of higher trophic levels will capture a broader ambit of ecological effects.  相似文献   

Activity levels of 210Po and 210Pb in some fish species of the Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea)     

S. Aközcan  A. Uğur 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,66(1-2):234-238

We investigated the spatial scales of variation of macrofauna in intertidal flats subjected to different levels of contamination from urban effluents in two areas sampled in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex. The scales considered were: Conditions; Tidal flats and Plots. Although the numerically dominant taxa showed the greatest variability at a scale of Tidal flats, the variability at the Condition scale was also significant. Tubificinae sp. 1, Laeonereis culveri and Heteromastus sp. were the most abundant organisms in the Contaminated area, while Heleobia australis was most abundant in the Non-contaminated area. Our results, contrary to those frequently observed in the literature, showed that the variability was significant at the scale of hundreds of metres (Tidal flats). At this scale, the intrinsic characteristics of each tidal flat are more important in determining macrofaunal distribution, while the effects of the urban sewage contamination represent the primary forces acting at a greater spatial scale.  相似文献   

Acetylcholinesterase,glutathione and hepatosomatic index as potential biomarkers of sewage pollution and depuration in fish     

Saif M. Al-Ghais 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

The current study was designed to validate the biomarkers of sewage pollution in Mozambique Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica, Peters) reared in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emerates, before and following depuration/detoxification. Cellular biomarkers, cholinesterase activity using acetylcholine as a substrate (acetylcholinesterase AChE) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were investigated in fresh water fish, Tilapia, raised in a fish farm (Group I/Clean, as Control), treated sewage water/TSW (Group II/Sewage) and thereafter exposed to fresh water in an aquarium for 6 weeks (Group III/Depurated) for depuration. The results showed significantly lower levels of AChE activities in liver (26% p < 0.01) and muscle (30% p < 0.01) of the fish reared in the STP water (Group II/Sewage) as compared to those recorded in the fish from fish farm (Group I/Clean). The depressed AChE level was fully restored in the muscle but partially in the liver after depuration (Group III/Depurated). In contrast, GSH levels were significantly raised in both liver (1.3-fold p < 0.01) and muscle (4-fold) of Group II fish as compared to Group I (control) fish raised in fish farm and following depuration in fresh water (Group III/Depurated) elevated GSH level in liver restored to control values, while remained unchanged in muscle. The average hepatosomatic index (HSI = weight of liver × 100/total fish weight), an indicator of hepatomegaly, in the Group II fish reared in TSW was also significantly higher than that in the reference Group I fish, but decreased to control level in Group III fish following depuration. This study suggests the importance of cellular biomarkers, AChE, GSH and hepatosomatic index in monitoring the impact of sewage water pollution on fish caused by a complex mixture of chemico-biological contaminants and its mitigation following depuration, an effective mean of fish detoxification.  相似文献   

芦山7.0级强烈地震砖混民居震害调查与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王涛  张永群  金波  孔子昂  雷远德 《地震工程与工程振动》2013,33(3)

2013年4月20日四川省芦山县发生Ms7.0级强烈地震,造成了大量民居建筑的严重破坏甚至倒塌.本文通过对芦山地震中民居建筑的震害调查,系统总结了砖混民居这一量大面广建筑结构的破坏形式和损伤机制.汶川地震后的新建民居在抗震措施方面有较大幅度的提高,比如大多具有抗震构造措施、采用240mm承重墙等,因此整体震害较轻,但是新建居民在建设房屋时,抗震构造措施的布局有很大的随意性,具体表现在平面内布置不足和竖向分布不规则,导致整体约束效果下降,进而结构发生破坏.雅安地区多处于山坡软土地带、建筑物多临近河流,同时民居建筑的基坑开挖普遍较浅,处理不当,在地震过程中出现地基不均匀沉降,基础遭到破坏,并造成上部结构破坏.相比之下,地基得到妥善处理、严格按照抗震规范设计的民居,震害十分轻微.本文建议继续增强对居民的防震减灾宣传,普及民居抗震构造知识,进行民居的实用抗震措施和地基处理方法的研究,并针对各类民居震害情况,研究有效、经济和快速的加固改造技术.  相似文献   

自动气象站风向、风速故障处理     

王朝敏  徐桂梅  郭海平 《内蒙古气象》2009,(2):45-46

通过搜集、整理有关自动气象站维修保障的各类技术资料,结合实际保障工作经验,对DYYZⅡ型自动气象站风向、风速故障的处理方法、流程进行了系统的阐述,包括信号处理流程、信号传输环节内各关键件信号的测试方法：故障处理流程及方法。  相似文献   

越南红河流域沉积物的镜下碳屑分析实验室处理方法对比研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陆岸青  李珍  李杰  Xuan Phong Dang  Eiji Matsumoto 《第四纪研究》2009,29(4):825-830

本文设计4个不同的实验方法,以越南红河流域原始森林区、河漫滩区和水下三角洲区3个不同沉积环境下的9个样品为实验对象,对镜下碳屑不同的实验室处理方法进行对比研究,实验发现样品用六偏磷酸钠分散法(方法A)和盐酸分散法(方法B)处理后,镜下碳屑形态不易分辨,杂质多,而用氢氟酸处理法(方法C)和附加醋酸酐混合液处理法(方法D),镜下碳屑的形态清晰,杂质少,碳屑数量容易统计,但是方法D中利用醋酸酐与浓硫酸混合液去纤维素与染色过程会使纤维素碳化,结果显示碳屑浓度明显比用前3种方法处理的浓度高。以上实验结果表明方法C是最优的。另外,本研究在进行碳屑统计时,利用NIS­Elements Br 3.0软件的自动统计计数功能,不仅可以减小人为计数产生的误差,还可以实现碳屑的多参数统计,有利于古环境、古气候、古植被变化的多信息解译。  相似文献   

陕西八卦庙金矿床深部开采方案——空场采矿法废石尾砂空区充填处理的讨论     

何秋生 《陕西地质》2009,27(1):95-100

陕西凤县八卦庙金矿床,由建矿初期日处理选矿量100t到2003年日处理2600t,年处理选矿量90～100万t,随着选厂处理矿石量的加大,矿山地下开拓采矿系统集中在矿体富集区长400m宽200m范围内,形成多中段同时开采。在处理1390m中段采空区中上中段形成两条断裂分别为70°、45°,随后沿70°断裂缝地表凹陷,并波及到其它采空区,形成大面积地压险陷,大量废石涌入。原矿地质品位逐年减少,矿山抗风险能力降弱。南坡治理及深部开拓迫在眉睫。采空区处理方案将是今后矿山发展的重要措施之一。建议深部开拓采矿系统采用空场采矿法对采空区以废石、尾砂、水泥进行固结空区充填处理。  相似文献   

重庆市肖家包切层岩石滑坡分析与治理     

田义斌  厚行霞  宋响军  贾部来 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2009,20(4):19-22

岩层反倾地段,通常坡体稳定性较好,因此公路选线时易对岩层反倾段的切层岩石滑坡忽视或漏判。论文对肖家包切层岩石滑坡的滑坡特征、变形机理、变形监测、稳定性等进行详细分析和论证,并选用最佳方案成功治理了该滑坡,从中得出了宝贵的经验和教训,不仅为切层滑坡认识和设计提供了有力的依据,同时对类似滑坡治理有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

地下水有机污染物监测技术的研究现状   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

崔亚伟  陈金发 《地下水》2009,31(2):23-26

地下水中有机污染物就其危害而言排在所有污染物的首位。针对目前地下水有机污染物监测技术的研究现状与发展进行了综述。分别对地下水有机污染物的前处理技术及常用的几种测定技术进行了分析阐述,并提出建立检测限更低的分析方法,及时了解地下水中低浓度有机污染物等3个方向的技术发展前景。  相似文献